Caroline Uhler's main research is in mathematical statistics and its applications to computational biology. She is particularly interested in the area of algebraic statistics, which exploits the use of algebraic techniques to develop new paradigms and algorithms for data analysis. In her research, she uses methods from algebraic geometry, computational algebra and combinatorics to study statistical theory problems, such as parameter estimation and identification in graphical models. Besides her theoretical interests, she also works on developing mathematical and statistical tools for applications to computational biology.